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	Gender Attitude Survey	Gender Role Attitudes Scale
Field	Gender Studies	Gender Studies
Family	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Year of origin	1981	1997
Originator	Cross-national survey programmes (World Values Survey, ISSP, GSS)	Lynda A. King & Daniel W. King
Type	Population attitude survey	Self-report attitude scale
Seminal source	Inglehart, R., & Norris, P. (2003). Rising Tide: Gender Equality and Cultural Change Around the World. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. ISBN: 9780521529501	King, L. A., & King, D. W. (1997). Sex-Role Egalitarianism Scale: Development, psychometric properties, and recommendations for future research. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21(1), 71–87.
Aliases	Gender Attitudes Survey, Gender-Role Attitudes Survey, Gender Equality Attitudes Module	Sex-Role Egalitarianism Scale, SRES, Gender Role Ideology Scale
Related	4	4
Summary	Gender attitude surveys are population-based instruments that measure how a society views the roles, rights, and relations of women and men. Unlike clinical or laboratory scales, they are fielded to probability samples and embedded in large programmes such as the World Values Survey, the International Social Survey Programme, and the General Social Survey, using standardized items so that gender ideology can be estimated for whole populations and compared across countries and over decades.	Gender role attitudes scales measure how egalitarian or traditional a person's beliefs are about the appropriate roles, rights, and behaviours of women and men. The best-validated example is the Sex-Role Egalitarianism Scale (SRES) developed by Lynda and Daniel King in 1997, which assesses attitudes across marital, parental, employment, social-interpersonal, and educational domains. Such scales sit alongside the Attitudes Toward Women Scale as standard instruments for capturing gender ideology in social and psychological research.