Compare methods

	Food Security Measurement	Household Livelihood Survey
Field	Development Studies	Development Studies
Family	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Year of origin	2013	2000
Originator	FAO (FIES); FANTA (HFIAS); World Food Programme (FCS)	Frank Ellis; CIFOR Poverty Environment Network
Type	Experiential and dietary food-security survey	Multi-source income and assets household survey
Seminal source	Ballard, T. J., Kepple, A. W., & Cafiero, C. (2013). The Food Insecurity Experience Scale: Development of a Global Standard for Monitoring Hunger Worldwide. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).	Ellis, F. (2000). Rural Livelihoods and Diversity in Developing Countries. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN: 9780198296966
Aliases	Food insecurity measurement, FIES, HFIAS, Food Consumption Score	Livelihood survey, Household income survey, Rural livelihoods survey, Income and assets survey
Related	4	4
Summary	Food security measurement comprises a family of survey-based instruments that capture households' or individuals' access to adequate food, distinct from the U.S. USDA Household Food Security Survey Module. The dominant tools — the FAO Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES), the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS), the World Food Programme's Food Consumption Score (FCS), and dietary-diversity scores such as the Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS) — measure either the lived experience of food insecurity or the quantity and quality of the diet, providing the indicators used for global hunger monitoring and humanitarian targeting.	A household livelihood survey is an instrument designed to capture the full portfolio of activities, income sources, assets, and expenditures through which a household secures its living. Rooted in the rural-livelihoods literature associated with Frank Ellis and in global comparative income studies such as the CIFOR Poverty Environment Network, it measures welfare and resilience by mapping the diversity of a household's economic activities — farming, wage labour, self-employment, environmental harvesting, transfers, and remittances — rather than reducing the household to a single income or consumption figure.