Compare methods
Review your selected methods side by side; rows that differ are highlighted.
| Feedback-Informed Treatment× | Working Alliance Inventory× | |
|---|---|---|
| Field≠ | Social Work | Psychotherapy Research |
| Family | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Year of origin≠ | 2003 | 1989 |
| Originator≠ | Scott D. Miller, Barry L. Duncan & colleagues (PCOMS) | Adam O. Horvath & Leslie S. Greenberg |
| Type≠ | Practice framework using session-by-session client feedback on outcome and alliance | Therapist/Client-rated |
| Seminal source≠ | Miller, S. D., Duncan, B. L., Brown, J., Sparks, J. A., & Claud, D. A. (2003). The Outcome Rating Scale: A preliminary study of the reliability, validity, and feasibility of a brief visual analog measure. Journal of Brief Therapy, 2(2), 91–100. link ↗ | Horvath, A. O., & Greenberg, L. S. (1989). Development and validation of the Working Alliance Inventory. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 36(2), 223–233. DOI ↗ |
| Aliases | FIT, Partners for Change Outcome Management System, PCOMS, Client-Directed Outcome-Informed Practice | WAI, WAI-36, WAI-SF, WAI-SR |
| Related | 4 | 4 |
| Summary≠ | Feedback-informed treatment (FIT) is a structured way of practicing in which the client completes very brief measures of how they are doing (outcome) and how the session went (the alliance) at every meeting, and the clinician discusses these ratings openly with the client and uses them to adjust the work. Developed by Scott Miller, Barry Duncan, and colleagues as the Partners for Change Outcome Management System, FIT operationalizes routine outcome monitoring as a transparent, collaborative conversation, anchored by the four-item Outcome Rating Scale and Session Rating Scale, and is recognized as an evidence-based practice for improving engagement and reducing dropout and deterioration. | The Working Alliance Inventory (WAI) is a validated, empirically supported measure of the therapeutic alliance—the collaborative relationship between therapist and client. Developed by Horvath and Greenberg in 1989, the WAI operationalizes Bordin's tripartite model of alliance: agreement on goals, agreement on tasks, and emotional bond. It is one of the most widely used alliance measures in psychotherapy research and is a strong predictor of psychotherapy outcome across diverse theoretical orientations and client populations. |
| ScholarGateDataset ↗ |
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