Compare methods

	Disability Weights Elicitation	Schalock Quality of Life Model
Field	Disability Studies	Disability Studies
Family	Process / pipeline	Latent structure
Year of origin	2012	2002
Originator	Joshua A. Salomon and the Global Burden of Disease disability weights collaboration	Robert L. Schalock and Miguel Angel Verdugo
Type	Survey-and-estimation pipeline for valuing health states on a 0-1 scale	Multidimensional quality-of-life measurement framework
Seminal source	Salomon, J. A., Vos, T., Hogan, D. R., et al. (2012). Common values in assessing health outcomes from disease and injury: disability weights measurement study for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. The Lancet, 380(9859), 2129-2143.	Schalock, R. L., & Verdugo, M. A. (2002). Handbook on Quality of Life for Human Service Practitioners. Washington, DC: American Association on Mental Retardation. ISBN: 9780940898776
Aliases	Health-State Valuation, Disability Weight Estimation, Paired-Comparison Disability Weighting, GBD Disability Weights Method	Schalock-Verdugo QOL Model, Eight-Domain Quality of Life Framework, Multidimensional QOL Model, QOL Domains Model
Related	3	3
Summary	Disability weights elicitation is the methodology for assigning each health state a number between zero and one that represents the level of health loss it entails, where zero is full health and one is a state equivalent to death. These weights are the ingredient that converts time lived in less-than-full health into the years-lived-with-disability component of summary health metrics, but the technique here is the valuation itself rather than the downstream metric. The dominant modern approach, developed for the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study by Salomon and colleagues, abandoned older clinician-based valuations in favor of large population surveys that ask ordinary people to make simple paired comparisons between described health states. Because such comparisons yield only orderings, the method uses a probit regression to recover a latent severity scale and then anchors that scale to the zero-to-one disability-weight interval. The result is a set of weights grounded in common values held across diverse populations, describing functioning loss in terms compatible with the biopsychosocial view of health embodied in the ICF.	The Schalock and Verdugo Quality of Life model is a multidimensional framework for conceptualizing and measuring quality of life among people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Drawing on cross-cultural and empirical work synthesized in their 2002 Handbook on Quality of Life for Human Service Practitioners, Schalock and Verdugo define quality of life as a composite of eight core domains: emotional well-being, interpersonal relations, material well-being, personal development, physical well-being, self-determination, social inclusion, and rights. These domains are organized under three higher-order factors — independence, social participation, and well-being — that give the model a coherent structure. Crucially, each domain is measured using both objective indicators, such as observable life conditions, and subjective indicators, such as the person's own satisfaction, recognizing that quality of life has both an external and an experienced face. The framework is designed not only to describe a person's quality of life but to drive person-centered planning and to evaluate whether services actually improve the outcomes that matter to people.