Compare methods

	Deliberative Polling	Citizens' Jury Method
Field	Public Policy	Public Policy
Family	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Year of origin	1991	1986
Originator	James S. Fishkin	Ned Crosby (Jefferson Center); Peter Dienel developed the parallel Planungszelle
Type	Deliberative survey method	Deliberative mini-public method
Seminal source	Fishkin, J. S. (1991). Democracy and Deliberation: New Directions for Democratic Reform. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN: 9780300051636	Crosby, N., Kelly, J. M., & Schaefer, P. (1986). Citizens panels: A new approach to citizen participation. Public Administration Review, 46(2), 170–178.
Aliases	Deliberative Poll, Deliberative Opinion Poll, Fishkin Deliberative Polling	Citizens Jury, Citizen Panel, Citizens' Panel
Related	4	4
Summary	Deliberative Polling is a method, devised by James Fishkin, that combines the representativeness of a scientific opinion survey with the informed reflection of deliberation. A large, random and representative sample of citizens is first polled on an issue, then gathered to deliberate over balanced materials and dialogue with experts and one another, and finally polled again. The change between the before and after surveys reveals what the public would think about an issue if it were genuinely informed and had the opportunity to consider it — Fishkin's idea of 'counterfactual' or considered public opinion.	A citizens' jury is a deliberative method that convenes a small, demographically representative panel of randomly selected citizens to consider a policy question in depth and produce reasoned recommendations. Modelled loosely on the trial jury, it gives ordinary people time, balanced information, expert witnesses and skilled facilitation so they can deliberate and reach a considered judgement on behalf of the wider public. Developed in the United States by Ned Crosby and his Jefferson Center, with a parallel German tradition (the Planungszelle) created by Peter Dienel, it is a leading form of deliberative 'mini-public'.