Compare methods

	Co-Production Analysis	Social Construction of Technology
Field	Science Technology Studies	Science Technology Studies
Family	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Year of origin	2004	1984
Originator	Sheila Jasanoff	Trevor Pinch & Wiebe Bijker
Type	Interpretive analytic framework (idiom) in science and technology studies	Constructivist theory of technological development
Seminal source	Jasanoff, S. (Ed.). (2004). States of Knowledge: The Co-Production of Science and Social Order. Routledge. ISBN: 9780415403290	Pinch, T. J., & Bijker, W. E. (1984). The social construction of facts and artefacts: or how the sociology of science and the sociology of technology might benefit each other. Social Studies of Science, 14(3), 399-441.
Aliases	Co-production idiom, Co-productionist analysis, Knowledge and social order analysis	SCOT, Social constructivism of technology, Interpretive flexibility analysis
Related	4	4
Summary	Co-production analysis applies the 'idiom of co-production' developed by Sheila Jasanoff: the claim that the ways we know the world are inseparable from the ways we choose to live in it. Scientific knowledge and social order are not produced in separate spheres that later interact; they are produced together. Co-production analysis traces this simultaneous making of natural and social facts—how a new way of knowing nature is bound up with new identities, institutions, discourses, and representations that together stabilise both knowledge and political order.	The Social Construction of Technology (SCOT) is a constructivist framework holding that technological artefacts are shaped by the interpretations and negotiations of relevant social groups rather than by technical logic alone. Introduced by Trevor Pinch and Wiebe Bijker in 1984, it shows that an artefact has 'interpretive flexibility'—different groups see different problems and solutions in it—until a process of closure stabilises one design as the obvious one.