Compare methods

	Co-Production Analysis	Responsible Research and Innovation Assessment
Field	Science Technology Studies	Science Technology Studies
Family	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Year of origin	2004	2013
Originator	Sheila Jasanoff	Jack Stilgoe, Richard Owen, Phil Macnaghten
Type	Interpretive analytic framework (idiom) in science and technology studies	Normative governance and reflexive-assessment process
Seminal source	Jasanoff, S. (Ed.). (2004). States of Knowledge: The Co-Production of Science and Social Order. Routledge. ISBN: 9780415403290	Stilgoe, J., Owen, R., & Macnaghten, P. (2013). Developing a framework for responsible innovation. Research Policy, 42(9), 1568-1580.
Aliases	Co-production idiom, Co-productionist analysis, Knowledge and social order analysis	RRI assessment, Responsible innovation framework, AIRR assessment
Related	4	4
Summary	Co-production analysis applies the 'idiom of co-production' developed by Sheila Jasanoff: the claim that the ways we know the world are inseparable from the ways we choose to live in it. Scientific knowledge and social order are not produced in separate spheres that later interact; they are produced together. Co-production analysis traces this simultaneous making of natural and social facts—how a new way of knowing nature is bound up with new identities, institutions, discourses, and representations that together stabilise both knowledge and political order.	Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) assessment is an approach to governing science and innovation that asks not only whether a technology works but whether it is desirable, and seeks to align research and innovation with the values, needs, and expectations of society. The influential Stilgoe-Owen-Macnaghten framework operationalises this through four dimensions—anticipation, reflexivity, inclusion, and responsiveness (AIRR)—that are built into the innovation process so that direction and purpose, not just risk and product, become objects of deliberate care.