Compare methods

	Cash Transfer Evaluation	Poverty Probability Index
Field	Development Studies	Development Studies
Family	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Year of origin	1997	2005
Originator	PROGRESA/Oportunidades (Mexico); Santiago Levy; World Bank evaluation programmes	Mark Schreiner; Grameen Foundation (now Innovations for Poverty Action)
Type	Programme impact evaluation	Poverty-likelihood scoring instrument
Seminal source	Fiszbein, A., & Schady, N. (2009). Conditional Cash Transfers: Reducing Present and Future Poverty. World Bank Policy Research Report. Washington, DC: World Bank. ISBN: 9780821373521	Schreiner, M. (2016). The Poverty Probability Index (PPI): A Brief on Calculating Annual Poverty Rates and Movement Across a Poverty Line. Innovations for Poverty Action / PovertyIndex.org.
Aliases	CCT/UCT Impact Evaluation, Conditional Cash Transfer Evaluation, Cash Transfer Impact Assessment, Social Cash Transfer Evaluation	PPI, Progress out of Poverty Index, Poverty Scorecard, Poverty Likelihood Scorecard
Related	4	4
Summary	Cash transfer evaluation is the body of impact-evaluation practice used to measure the effects of giving money directly to poor households — conditional on behaviours such as school enrolment and clinic visits (CCTs) or unconditional (UCTs) — on consumption, schooling, nutrition, health, and broader welfare. Pioneered by Mexico's PROGRESA/Oportunidades programme in the late 1990s, which built a randomised phase-in into its rollout, the field has produced some of the most influential causal evidence in development economics and now spans dozens of countries and hundreds of studies.	The Poverty Probability Index (PPI), formerly the Progress out of Poverty Index, is a simple, country-specific scorecard that estimates the likelihood that a household is living below a given poverty line. Developed by Mark Schreiner and disseminated first by the Grameen Foundation and later by Innovations for Poverty Action, it reduces poverty measurement to ten easy-to-answer, verifiable questions about household characteristics. The answers produce a score from 0 to 100, which a calibration table converts into the probability that the household falls below national or international poverty lines — a low-cost alternative to a full consumption survey for organizations that need to track the poverty profile of the people they serve.