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Blatant Dehumanization Scale×Intergroup Threat Scale×
FieldPolitical PsychologyPolitical Psychology
FamilyLatent structureProcess / pipeline
Year of origin20151999
OriginatorNour Kteily, Emile Bruneau, Adam Waytz & Sarah CotterillWalter G. Stephan & Cookie White Stephan
TypeGraphic-slider measure of dehumanizationSelf-report attitude scale
Seminal sourceKteily, N., Bruneau, E., Waytz, A., & Cotterill, S. (2015). The Ascent of Man: Theoretical and Empirical Evidence for Blatant Dehumanization. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 109(5), 901-931. DOI ↗Stephan, W. G., Ybarra, O., & Bachman, G. (1999). Prejudice toward immigrants. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 29(11), 2221-2237. DOI ↗
AliasesAscent of Man Scale, Ascent Dehumanization Measure, Kteily-Bruneau Dehumanization Scale, Blatant Animalistic Dehumanization MeasureIntegrated Threat Scale, Realistic and Symbolic Threat Scale, Perceived Threat Scale
Related34
SummaryThe Blatant Dehumanization Scale, also called the Ascent of Man measure, captures the willingness to overtly deny full humanity to an out-group. Developed by Nour Kteily, Emile Bruneau, Adam Waytz, and Sarah Cotterill in 2015, it uses the iconic evolutionary image of a creature progressing from ape to upright human and asks respondents to rate, on a slider from zero to one hundred, how evolved different social groups are. The gap between how human respondents rate their own group and how human they rate an out-group is a strikingly direct, robust predictor of hostility, support for coercive policies, and aggression that goes beyond ordinary dislike.The Intergroup Threat Scale operationalizes intergroup (originally integrated) threat theory (Stephan & Stephan), which holds that prejudice toward an out-group arises from perceived realistic threats (to the in-group's resources, power, or welfare) and symbolic threats (to its values, beliefs, and worldview). It is a self-report measure widely used to explain attitudes toward immigrants and other out-groups in political psychology.
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ScholarGateCompare methods: Blatant Dehumanization Scale · Intergroup Threat Scale. Retrieved 2026-06-24 from https://scholargate.app/en/compare