Compare methods

	Blatant Dehumanization Scale	Anti-Immigrant Prejudice Scale
Field	Political Psychology	Political Psychology
Family	Latent structure	Latent structure
Year of origin	2015	1995
Originator	Nour Kteily, Emile Bruneau, Adam Waytz & Sarah Cotterill	Thomas Pettigrew & Roel Meertens
Type	Graphic-slider measure of dehumanization	Attitude scale for prejudice toward immigrants
Seminal source	Kteily, N., Bruneau, E., Waytz, A., & Cotterill, S. (2015). The Ascent of Man: Theoretical and Empirical Evidence for Blatant Dehumanization. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 109(5), 901-931.	Pettigrew, T. F., & Meertens, R. W. (1995). Subtle and Blatant Prejudice in Western Europe. European Journal of Social Psychology, 25(1), 57-75.
Aliases	Ascent of Man Scale, Ascent Dehumanization Measure, Kteily-Bruneau Dehumanization Scale, Blatant Animalistic Dehumanization Measure	Subtle and Blatant Prejudice Scale, Pettigrew-Meertens Prejudice Scale, Anti-Immigrant Attitudes Scale, Subtle Prejudice Toward Immigrants Measure
Related	3	3
Summary	The Blatant Dehumanization Scale, also called the Ascent of Man measure, captures the willingness to overtly deny full humanity to an out-group. Developed by Nour Kteily, Emile Bruneau, Adam Waytz, and Sarah Cotterill in 2015, it uses the iconic evolutionary image of a creature progressing from ape to upright human and asks respondents to rate, on a slider from zero to one hundred, how evolved different social groups are. The gap between how human respondents rate their own group and how human they rate an out-group is a strikingly direct, robust predictor of hostility, support for coercive policies, and aggression that goes beyond ordinary dislike.	The Anti-Immigrant Prejudice Scale, developed by Thomas Pettigrew and Roel Meertens in 1995, measures prejudice toward immigrants along two dimensions: blatant prejudice, which is hot, close, and direct, expressing open rejection and perceived threat, and subtle prejudice, which is cool, distant, and indirect, expressing defense of traditional values, denial of positive emotion, and exaggeration of cultural difference. Built from national samples across western Europe, the scale captures the modern, socially acceptable face of anti-immigrant attitudes that overt-prejudice items miss, while its two-factor structure remains the subject of ongoing psychometric debate.