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| Bem Sex-Role Inventory× | Modern Sexism Scale× | |
|---|---|---|
| Field | Gender Studies | Gender Studies |
| Family | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Year of origin≠ | 1974 | 1995 |
| Originator≠ | Sandra L. Bem | Janet K. Swim, Kathryn J. Aikin, Wayne S. Hall, and Barbara A. Hunter |
| Type≠ | Self-report sex-role inventory | Self-report attitude scale |
| Seminal source≠ | Bem, S. L. (1974). The measurement of psychological androgyny. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42(2), 155–162. DOI ↗ | Swim, J. K., Aikin, K. J., Hall, W. S., & Hunter, B. A. (1995). Sexism and racism: Old-fashioned and modern prejudices. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 68(2), 199–214. DOI ↗ |
| Aliases≠ | BSRI, Sex-Role Inventory | MSS, Swim Modern Sexism Scale, Neosexism |
| Related | 4 | 4 |
| Summary≠ | The Bem Sex-Role Inventory (BSRI) is a 60-item self-report instrument developed by Sandra L. Bem in 1974 to measure psychological androgyny — the degree to which a person endorses culturally masculine and culturally feminine personality attributes independently of their biological sex. Respondents rate how well each of 20 masculine, 20 feminine, and 20 neutral filler traits describes them on a 7-point scale, and are then classified as masculine, feminine, androgynous, or undifferentiated. | The Modern Sexism Scale, developed by Janet Swim and colleagues in 1995, distinguishes between old-fashioned (blatant) sexism and modern (subtle) sexism, paralleling work on old-fashioned versus modern racism. The accompanying Old-Fashioned Sexism Scale captures openly endorsed beliefs in women's inferiority and prescribed traditional roles, while the Modern Sexism Scale captures covert sexism expressed through denial of continuing discrimination, antagonism toward women's demands, and resentment of policies perceived as special favours. |
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