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| Accessibility Analysis× | Location Quotient× | |
|---|---|---|
| Field≠ | Human Geography | Economics |
| Family | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Year of origin≠ | 1959 | 1960 |
| Originator≠ | Walter G. Hansen | Developed in regional science; codified by Walter Isard |
| Type≠ | Spatial index of the ease of reaching opportunities from a location | Descriptive index of relative regional concentration |
| Seminal source≠ | Hansen, W. G. (1959). How accessibility shapes land use. Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 25(2), 73–76. DOI ↗ | Isard, W. (1960). Methods of Regional Analysis: An Introduction to Regional Science. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. ISBN: 9780262090032 |
| Aliases≠ | Hansen Accessibility, Gravity Accessibility Measure, Potential Accessibility, Spatial Accessibility Index | LQ, Coefficient of Localization, Regional Specialization Ratio |
| Related≠ | 4 | 3 |
| Summary≠ | Accessibility analysis measures how easily opportunities — jobs, shops, clinics, parks — can be reached from a given location, combining the attractiveness (size) of destinations with the cost of travelling to them. The gravity-based formulation introduced by Walter Hansen in 1959 sums the opportunities at all destinations, each discounted by a distance-decay function of travel cost, producing a single accessibility score per origin that has become a foundational concept in transport geography and urban planning. | The location quotient (LQ) is a simple descriptive index that measures how concentrated an industry is in a region relative to a larger reference area, usually the nation. It is the ratio of the industry's share of local employment (or output) to its share of national employment. An LQ above one means the region is more specialized in that industry than the nation as a whole; an LQ below one means it is under-represented. |
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