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| Υδρογράφημα Μονάδας× | Μέθοδος Εκτροπής Muskingum× | Μοντέλο Ροής Κυκλοφορίας (Μοντέλο LWR)× | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Πεδίο | Πολιτική Μηχανική | Πολιτική Μηχανική | Πολιτική Μηχανική |
| Οικογένεια | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Έτος προέλευσης≠ | 1932 | 1938 | 1955 |
| Δημιουργός≠ | L. K. Sherman | George McCarthy | M. J. Lighthill and G. B. Whitham |
| Τύπος≠ | Linear transformation from rainfall to streamflow | Hydrologic method for flood attenuation in rivers | Macroscopic traffic flow modeling using conservation laws |
| Θεμελιώδης πηγή≠ | Sherman, L. K. (1932). Streamflow from rainfall by the unit graph method. Engineering News-Record, 108(14), 501-505. link ↗ | McCarthy, G. T. (1938). The Unit Hydrograph and Flood Routing. US Army Corps of Engineers Document 608. link ↗ | Lighthill, M. J., & Whitham, G. B. (1955). On kinematic waves I. Flow movement in long rivers. Proceedings of the Royal Society A, 229(1178), 281-316. DOI ↗ |
| Εναλλακτικές ονομασίες | UH, Rainfall-runoff, Hydrograph synthesis | Flood routing, Stream flow attenuation, Hydrologic routing | LWR model, Traffic wave, Kinematic wave theory |
| Συναφείς | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Σύνοψη≠ | The unit hydrograph (UH) is a linear transformation that converts rainfall excess into streamflow for a watershed. Introduced by Sherman in 1932, the UH assumes that rainfall-runoff response is linear and time-invariant, enabling synthesis of flood hydrographs from design storms for dam spillway design and flood risk assessment. | The Muskingum method is a hydrologic flood routing technique that predicts how a flood wave attenuates (reduces in peak) and spreads as it travels down a river reach. Developed by McCarthy in 1938 for the US Army Corps of Engineers, the method is simple enough for hand calculations while capturing the essential physics of flood propagation. | The Lighthill-Whitham-Richards (LWR) model is a macroscopic traffic flow model that treats traffic as a compressible fluid, applying conservation of vehicles and a flow-density relationship. Introduced independently by Lighthill and Whitham (1955) and Richards (1956), the model predicts traffic wave propagation, congestion formation, and bottleneck behavior on highways. |
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