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| Συμπίεση Terzaghi× | Μοντέλο Ροής Κυκλοφορίας (Μοντέλο LWR)× | Υδρογράφημα Μονάδας× | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Πεδίο | Πολιτική Μηχανική | Πολιτική Μηχανική | Πολιτική Μηχανική |
| Οικογένεια | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Έτος προέλευσης≠ | 1943 | 1955 | 1932 |
| Δημιουργός≠ | Karl Terzaghi | M. J. Lighthill and G. B. Whitham | L. K. Sherman |
| Τύπος≠ | Diffusion equation for pore pressure dissipation and soil settlement | Macroscopic traffic flow modeling using conservation laws | Linear transformation from rainfall to streamflow |
| Θεμελιώδης πηγή≠ | Terzaghi, K. (1943). Theoretical Soil Mechanics. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 0-471-85305-1 | Lighthill, M. J., & Whitham, G. B. (1955). On kinematic waves I. Flow movement in long rivers. Proceedings of the Royal Society A, 229(1178), 281-316. DOI ↗ | Sherman, L. K. (1932). Streamflow from rainfall by the unit graph method. Engineering News-Record, 108(14), 501-505. link ↗ |
| Εναλλακτικές ονομασίες | Primary consolidation, Soil settlement, Effective stress | LWR model, Traffic wave, Kinematic wave theory | UH, Rainfall-runoff, Hydrograph synthesis |
| Συναφείς | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Σύνοψη≠ | Terzaghi consolidation theory describes how water-saturated clay soils compress over time as excess pore water pressure dissipates and effective stress increases. Formulated by Karl Terzaghi in 1943, this foundational theory enables prediction of settlement rates for foundations on compressible soils, a critical design concern in geotechnical engineering. | The Lighthill-Whitham-Richards (LWR) model is a macroscopic traffic flow model that treats traffic as a compressible fluid, applying conservation of vehicles and a flow-density relationship. Introduced independently by Lighthill and Whitham (1955) and Richards (1956), the model predicts traffic wave propagation, congestion formation, and bottleneck behavior on highways. | The unit hydrograph (UH) is a linear transformation that converts rainfall excess into streamflow for a watershed. Introduced by Sherman in 1932, the UH assumes that rainfall-runoff response is linear and time-invariant, enabling synthesis of flood hydrographs from design storms for dam spillway design and flood risk assessment. |
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