Σύγκριση μεθόδων

	Social Protection Targeting	Cash Transfer Evaluation
Πεδίο	Development Studies	Development Studies
Οικογένεια	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Έτος προέλευσης	2004	1997
Δημιουργός	David Coady, Margaret Grosh & John Hoddinott (World Bank)	PROGRESA/Oportunidades (Mexico); Santiago Levy; World Bank evaluation programmes
Τύπος	Methods for identifying eligible beneficiaries of transfers	Programme impact evaluation
Θεμελιώδης πηγή	Coady, D., Grosh, M., & Hoddinott, J. (2004). Targeting of Transfers in Developing Countries: Review of Lessons and Experience. Washington, DC: World Bank. ISBN: 9780821356043	Fiszbein, A., & Schady, N. (2009). Conditional Cash Transfers: Reducing Present and Future Poverty. World Bank Policy Research Report. Washington, DC: World Bank. ISBN: 9780821373521
Εναλλακτικές ονομασίες	Safety Net Targeting, Proxy Means Testing, Beneficiary Targeting, Transfer Targeting Methods	CCT/UCT Impact Evaluation, Conditional Cash Transfer Evaluation, Cash Transfer Impact Assessment, Social Cash Transfer Evaluation
Συναφείς	4	4
Σύνοψη	Social Protection Targeting is the set of methods used to decide who receives a transfer or safety-net benefit when resources are too scarce to cover everyone. Synthesised in the World Bank reviews of David Coady, Margaret Grosh, and John Hoddinott (2004) and the practical handbook of Grosh and colleagues (2008), it spans means testing, proxy means testing, community-based targeting, geographic targeting, and categorical targeting. Every method trades off two errors — including the non-poor (leakage) and excluding the poor (undercoverage) — and the analyst's job is to choose, calibrate, and combine mechanisms so that, given the budget and administrative capacity, benefits reach the intended population as accurately as possible.	Cash transfer evaluation is the body of impact-evaluation practice used to measure the effects of giving money directly to poor households — conditional on behaviours such as school enrolment and clinic visits (CCTs) or unconditional (UCTs) — on consumption, schooling, nutrition, health, and broader welfare. Pioneered by Mexico's PROGRESA/Oportunidades programme in the late 1990s, which built a randomised phase-in into its rollout, the field has produced some of the most influential causal evidence in development economics and now spans dozens of countries and hundreds of studies.