Σύγκριση μεθόδων

	Μοντέλο Επιλογής Δείγματος Heckman (Heckit / Tobit Τύπου II)	Λογιστική Παλινδρόμηση	Παλινδρόμηση Ελαχίστων Τετραγώνων (OLS)	Μοντέλο Σταθερών Επιπτώσεων Δεδομένων Πάνελ
Πεδίο	Οικονομετρία	Ερευνητική Στατιστική	Οικονομετρία	Οικονομετρία
Οικογένεια	Regression model	Process / pipeline	Regression model	Regression model
Έτος προέλευσης	1979	1958	2019	2014
Δημιουργός	James J. Heckman	David Roxbee Cox	Wooldridge (textbook treatment); classical least squares	Hsiao (textbook treatment); within transformation of panel data
Τύπος	Two-step sample selection model	Method	Linear regression	Panel data regression
Θεμελιώδης πηγή	Heckman, J. J. (1979). Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error. Econometrica, 47(1), 153–161.	Cox, D. R. (1958). The regression analysis of binary sequences. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B, 20(2), 215–242.	Wooldridge, J. M. (2019). Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach (7th ed.). Cengage Learning. ISBN: 978-1337558860	Hsiao, C. (2014). Analysis of Panel Data (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Εναλλακτικές ονομασίες	heckit, tobit type II, sample selection model, Heckman Seçim Modeli (Heckit / Tobit II)	logit model, binomial logistic regression, LR	ordinary least squares, classical linear regression, linear regression, en küçük kareler regresyonu	fixed effects model, within estimator, panel fixed-effects regression, Panel Veri — Sabit Etkiler Modeli
Συναφείς	4	3	5	5
Σύνοψη	The Heckman selection model, introduced by James J. Heckman in 1979, is a two-step model that corrects sample selection bias when the outcome is only observed for a non-random subset of cases. A probit selection equation models who is observed, and the outcome equation then corrects for the resulting bias using the inverse Mills ratio.	Logistic regression is a statistical method for modeling the probability of a binary outcome (disease present/absent, success/failure) as a function of continuous and categorical predictors. Developed by David Roxbee Cox (1958), it solves the problem of predicting categorical outcomes by applying a logistic transformation to constrain predictions to the [0,1] probability interval, enabling accurate risk stratification, diagnostic prediction, and causal inference in epidemiology, medicine, and social science.	Ordinary Least Squares is the classical linear regression method that explains a continuous outcome as a linear combination of predictors. It estimates the coefficients by minimising the sum of squared residuals, and under the Gauss-Markov assumptions these estimates are the best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE).	The Panel Data Fixed Effects model estimates relationships from panel data (the same units observed over several time periods) while controlling for unit- and/or time-specific effects, supporting causal inference. It is developed as the within estimator in standard treatments such as Hsiao's Analysis of Panel Data (2014).