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| Η αιτιακή αναγνώριση με κατευθυνόμενους ακυκλικούς γράφους (do-calculus)× | Difference-in-Differences (Diff-in-Diff)× | Παλινδρόμηση Ελαχίστων Τετραγώνων (OLS)× | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Πεδίο≠ | Αιτιακή Συμπερασματολογία | Οικονομετρία | Οικονομετρία |
| Οικογένεια | Regression model | Regression model | Regression model |
| Έτος προέλευσης≠ | 2009 | 1994 | 2019 |
| Δημιουργός≠ | Judea Pearl | Card & Krueger (canonical 1994 application); Angrist & Pischke (textbook treatment) | Wooldridge (textbook treatment); classical least squares |
| Τύπος≠ | Causal identification framework | Causal inference / panel regression | Linear regression |
| Θεμελιώδης πηγή≠ | Pearl, J. (2009). Causality: Models, Reasoning, and Inference (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 978-0521895606 | Angrist, J. D., & Pischke, J.-S. (2009). Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist's Companion. Princeton University Press. ISBN: 978-0691120355 | Wooldridge, J. M. (2019). Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach (7th ed.). Cengage Learning. ISBN: 978-1337558860 |
| Εναλλακτικές ονομασίες≠ | do-calculus, backdoor adjustment, Pearl causal identification, DAG ile Nedensel Tanımlama (do-calculus) | diff-in-diff, DiD, Farkların Farkı (Diff-in-Diff) | ordinary least squares, classical linear regression, linear regression, en küçük kareler regresyonu |
| Συναφείς | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Σύνοψη≠ | DAG causal identification is a framework, developed by Judea Pearl (2009), that encodes causal assumptions as a directed acyclic graph and uses the do-calculus rules to determine whether and how a causal effect can be identified from observational data. It systematically handles confounders, instrumental variables, and backdoor paths. | Difference-in-Differences is a causal-inference method that estimates the effect of an intervention by comparing how a treatment group and a control group change over time. Made famous by Card and Krueger's 1994 minimum-wage study and developed in Angrist and Pischke's Mostly Harmless Econometrics, it isolates the treatment effect as the difference between the two groups' before-after changes. | Ordinary Least Squares is the classical linear regression method that explains a continuous outcome as a linear combination of predictors. It estimates the coefficients by minimising the sum of squared residuals, and under the Gauss-Markov assumptions these estimates are the best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE). |
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