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Z-Number extension of MARCOS

OriginatorYazdani, M., Pamucar, D., Chatterjee, P., Torkayesh, A. E.Year2021Sources1Related methods10

Z-MARCOS (Z-Number extension of MARCOS) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Yazdani, M., Pamucar, D., Chatterjee, P., Torkayesh, A. E. in 2021. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

Key highlights

  • Follows a transparent, reproducible computational procedure that can be audited step by step.
  • Handles multiple criteria of differing scales and units within a single decision matrix.

Intuition

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How it works

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When to use it

z-marcos extends MARCOS to handle Z-Number uncertainty. All arithmetic operations (normalisation, weighting, distance computation) are performed using Z-Number (Z = (A, B): restriction A, reliability B; both fuzzy) algebra. The final scores are defuzzified via convert to regular fuzzy: Ã = B·A, then centroid before ranking.

Strengths & limitations

Strengths
  • Follows a transparent, reproducible computational procedure that can be audited step by step.
  • Handles multiple criteria of differing scales and units within a single decision matrix.
Limitations
  • May exhibit rank reversal when alternatives are added to or removed from the set.
  • Assumes full compensation — a strong score on one criterion can offset a weak score on another.

Common pitfalls

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Sources

  1. 1.
    Yazdani, M., Pamucar, D., Chatterjee, P., Torkayesh, A. E. (2021). A multi-tier sustainable food supplier selection model under uncertainty (MARCOS-D / Z-MARCOS adaptation). Operations Management Research

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ScholarGate. (2026, June 2). Z-MARCOS. ScholarGate. https://scholargate.app/decision-making/z-marcos