m-Polar Fuzzy extension of ELECTRE-II for multi-criteria group decision making (Akram & Adeel 2023)

MPF-ELECTRE-II is a group decision method: it expects v independent expert decision matrices Z^(1),…,Z^(v) plus expert weights α and per-expert m-PF criterion weights w_j^(u). Step 2 aggregates these via a probabilistic-sum operator BEFORE normalisation. The final result is a complete ranking via the forward+reverse+average iterative procedure on strong and weak outranking graphs. Five thresholds tune the strict/lenient mix: three concordance levels (c⁻, c°, c*) and two discordance levels (d°, d*). The relative weights γ^c, γ^i in Eq. 4.31 control how strongly the indifferent set contributes t