MCDMDecision-makingRankingMath steps

ELECTRE II — ELimination Et Choix Traduisant la REalité II (complete ranking)

OriginatorRoy, B., Bertier, P.Year1973Sources1Related methods10

ELECTRE-II (ELECTRE II — ELimination Et Choix Traduisant la REalité II (complete ranking)) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Roy, B., Bertier, P. in 1973. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

Key highlights

  • Follows a transparent, reproducible computational procedure that can be audited step by step.
  • Handles multiple criteria of differing scales and units within a single decision matrix.

Intuition

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How it works

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When to use it

ELECTRE II produces a complete preorder (total ranking with possible ties) unlike ELECTRE I which produces a kernel. The distillation procedure (forward + backward passes) resolves the outranking graphs into a linear order. Thresholds p (strong concordance), q (weak concordance), and v (discordance) control the sensitivity of the outranking relation.

Strengths & limitations

Strengths
  • Follows a transparent, reproducible computational procedure that can be audited step by step.
  • Handles multiple criteria of differing scales and units within a single decision matrix.
Limitations
  • May exhibit rank reversal when alternatives are added to or removed from the set.

Common pitfalls

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Sources

  1. 1.
    Roy, B., Bertier, P. (1973). La méthode ELECTRE II: une application au media-planning. Operational Research '72 (Proceedings IFORS), North-Holland

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ScholarGate. (2026, June 2). ELECTRE-II. ScholarGate. https://scholargate.app/decision-making/electre-ii