Methoden vergleichen

	Weighed Food Record	Dietary Pattern Analysis
Fachgebiet	Food Agriculture Studies	Food Agriculture Studies
Familie	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Entstehungsjahr	1994	2002
Urheber	Sheila A. Bingham and colleagues (validation in nutritional epidemiology)	Frank B. Hu; P. K. Newby & Katherine L. Tucker
Typ	Prospective weighed-intake record pipeline for reference dietary assessment	Multivariate pipeline for deriving empirical dietary patterns from food intake
Wegweisende Quelle	Bingham, S. A., Gill, C., Welch, A., Day, K., Cassidy, A., Khaw, K. T., Sneyd, M. J., Key, T. J., Roe, L., & Day, N. E. (1994). Comparison of dietary assessment methods in nutritional epidemiology: weighed records v. 24 h recalls, food-frequency questionnaires and estimated-diet records. British Journal of Nutrition, 72(4), 619-643.	Hu, F. B. (2002). Dietary pattern analysis: a new direction in nutritional epidemiology. Current Opinion in Lipidology, 13(1), 3-9.
Aliasnamen	WFR, Weighed Dietary Record, Weighed Food Diary, Weighed Intake Record	Empirical Dietary Patterns, A Posteriori Dietary Patterns, Data-Driven Dietary Patterns, Eating Pattern Analysis
Verwandt	4	4
Zusammenfassung	The Weighed Food Record (WFR) is a prospective dietary assessment method in which the respondent weighs and records every food and beverage at the moment of consumption, weighing back any leftovers, to obtain a precise quantitative measure of intake. Because it removes the portion-size guesswork that limits recalls and food-frequency questionnaires, it is widely regarded as the reference or gold-standard method against which other dietary instruments are validated. Sheila Bingham and colleagues' classic studies in the British Journal of Nutrition compared weighed records with recalls and questionnaires and, using the 24-hour urinary nitrogen biomarker, demonstrated that weighed records most closely track an objective measure of protein intake. The cost is high respondent burden and the risk that the act of weighing changes what people eat.	Dietary pattern analysis is the nutritional-epidemiology application of multivariate statistics that identifies how foods are actually eaten together, summarizing the whole diet into a few empirical patterns rather than studying single nutrients in isolation. Introduced as a research direction by Frank Hu in his 2002 Current Opinion in Lipidology review and surveyed methodologically by Newby and Tucker in 2004, the approach takes a matrix of food-group intakes and applies factor (principal component) analysis, cluster analysis, or reduced-rank regression to extract a posteriori patterns such as a 'prudent' pattern rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains and a 'Western' pattern high in red meat and refined foods. While the underlying algebra is generic principal component or cluster analysis, what makes this a distinct method is its substantive construction: the input is the food-group intake matrix of the whole diet, and the output is interpretable eating patterns linked to disease.