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| Velocity-Azimuth Display× | Dual-Polarisations-Radar× | Thermal Wind× | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fachgebiet | Meteorologie | Meteorologie | Meteorologie |
| Familie | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Entstehungsjahr≠ | 1968 | 1990s | 1920s |
| Urheber≠ | Browning and Wexler | Bringi, Chandrasekar | Jacobbian insights from geostrophic flow |
| Typ≠ | Radar wind retrieval method | Radar measurement technique | Wind-temperature relationship |
| Wegweisende Quelle≠ | Browning, K. A., & Wexler, R. (1968). The determination of kinematic properties of a wind field using Doppler radar. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 7(1), 105-113. DOI ↗ | Kumjian, M. R. (2013). The impact of precipitation on supercell electrification: Lightning potential and storm structure changes. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 69(11), 3353-3375. link ↗ | Holton, J. R. (2004). An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology (4th ed.). Academic Press. link ↗ |
| Aliasnamen≠ | VAD, VAD analysis, Velocity-height profile | Dual-pol radar, Polarimetric radar, Dual-polarization, Dual-pol | Thermal wind, Vertical wind shear, Barotropic |
| Verwandt | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Zusammenfassung≠ | The Velocity-Azimuth Display (VAD) is a radar analysis technique that extracts the radial velocity of wind at a constant altitude as a function of azimuth angle around the radar. By fitting a sinusoidal pattern to these measurements, VAD retrieves the mean wind speed and direction at that altitude, providing wind profiles without requiring multiple radar observations. | Dual-polarization (dual-pol) radar is a weather radar system that transmits and receives electromagnetic waves in both horizontal and vertical polarizations simultaneously. This technique, operational in weather services since the 2010s, provides detailed information about precipitation particle type, shape, and size distribution, enabling improved rainfall estimates and better discrimination of hail, rain, and snow. | The thermal wind relationship is a fundamental meteorological principle that links vertical wind shear to horizontal temperature gradients. It states that wind speed increases with height in the direction of warming—a direct consequence of hydrostatic and geostrophic balance combined with the ideal gas law. |
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