Methoden vergleichen

	STS	Existential Well-Being Scale (EWB)
Fachgebiet	Religionspsychologie	Religionspsychologie
Familie	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Entstehungsjahr	1999	1982
Urheber	Ralph L. Piedmont	Raymond F. Paloutzian & Craig W. Ellison
Typ	Self-report	Self-report
Wegweisende Quelle	Piedmont, R. L. (1999). Does spirituality have a place in personality science? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76(1), 3–13.	Paloutzian, R. F., & Ellison, C. W. (1982). Loneliness, spiritual well-being, and the quality of life. In L. A. Peplau & D. Perlman (Eds.), Loneliness: A Sourcebook of Current Theory, Research and Therapy (pp. 224–237). Wiley. ISBN: 9780471084846.
Aliasnamen	STS, Spiritual Transcendence	EWB, Existential Well-Being
Verwandt	4	4
Zusammenfassung	The Spiritual Transcendence Scale (STS), developed by Piedmont in 1999, is a 24-item self-report measure of spiritual transcendence: the human capacity to experience connection to something beyond oneself—whether understood as God, nature, humanity, or the sacred. The STS conceptualizes spiritual transcendence as a personality trait distinct from religious adherence or institutional participation, measured through three facets: Prayer Fulfillment (satisfaction from spiritual practices), Universality (sense of interconnection with all people and life), and Connectedness (sense of deep connection to the divine or sacred). The scale has become influential in understanding spirituality as a psychological dimension orthogonal to the Big Five personality traits.	The Existential Well-Being Scale (EWB), developed by Paloutzian and Ellison in 1982, is a 10-item self-report measure of existential meaning and well-being: the sense that one's life has purpose, direction, and intrinsic value. Derived from the larger Spiritual Well-Being Scale (which includes religious well-being), the EWB focuses on the secular dimension of well-being—not faith or religious conviction, but existential satisfaction and sense of purpose. It has become widely used in psychology and health research to assess meaning, life satisfaction, and resilience factors protective against depression, anxiety, and suicide.