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| Sport Anxiety Scale (SAS)× | Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Fachgebiet | Sportpsychologie | Sportpsychologie |
| Familie | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Entstehungsjahr | 1990 | 1990 |
| Urheber≠ | Ronald Smith, Frank Smoll, Robert Schutz | Rainer Martens, Robin Vealey, Damon Burton |
| Typ≠ | Self-report sport-specific trait anxiety questionnaire | Self-report state anxiety questionnaire |
| Wegweisende Quelle≠ | Smith, R. E., Smoll, F. L., & Schutz, R. W. (1990). Measurement and correlates of sport-specific cognitive and somatic trait anxiety: The Sport Anxiety Scale. Anxiety Research, 2(4), 263–280. DOI ↗ | Martens, R., Vealey, R. S., Burton, D., Bump, L. A., & Smith, D. E. (1990). Development and validation of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2. In R. Martens, R. S. Vealey, & D. Burton (Eds.), Competitive Anxiety in Sport (pp. 193–218). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. link ↗ |
| Aliasnamen≠ | SAS, SAS-2, Sport-Specific Anxiety | CSAI-2, Competitive State Anxiety |
| Verwandt | 4 | 4 |
| Zusammenfassung≠ | The SAS is a 15–21 item questionnaire measuring trait (dispositional) sport-specific anxiety—the tendency to experience worry and physiological arousal in sport-competitive contexts. Developed by Smith, Smoll, and Schutz in 1990, the SAS is the primary instrument for assessing individual differences in sport anxiety proneness and for predicting anxiety management needs across diverse athletic populations. | The CSAI-2 is a 27-item instrument measuring three dimensions of state anxiety in sport: cognitive anxiety (worry), somatic anxiety (physiological arousal), and self-confidence. Developed by Martens and colleagues in 1990, it has become the gold standard for assessing pre-competition psychological state and is widely used in sport psychology research, coaching, and athlete support. |
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