Methoden vergleichen

	Fernerkundungsbefragung	Delphi-Technik	Längsschnittstudie
Fachgebiet	Umfragemethodik	Umfragemethodik	Umfragemethodik
Familie	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Entstehungsjahr	1970s–present (formalised by Dillman 1978; expanded to internet surveys 2000s)	1950s–1963	1940s (panel survey tradition); longitudinal designs codified mid-20th century
Urheber	Don A. Dillman (Tailored Design Method for mail/remote surveys)	Norman Dalkey and Olaf Helmer (RAND Corporation)	Established tradition; formalized in social science by Paul Lazarsfeld and colleagues (1940s panel studies)
Typ	Quantitative / mixed-methods data collection technique	Iterative expert consensus technique	Quantitative / mixed-methods survey design
Wegweisende Quelle	Dillman, D. A., Smyth, J. D., & Christian, L. M. (2014). Internet, Phone, Mail, and Mixed-Mode Surveys: The Tailored Design Method (4th ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-1118456149	Dalkey, N., & Helmer, O. (1963). An experimental application of the Delphi method to the use of experts. Management Science, 9(3), 458–467.	Menard, S. (2002). Longitudinal Research (2nd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-0761922292
Aliasnamen	distance survey, self-administered remote questionnaire, remote questionnaire, distributed survey	Delphi method, Delphi survey, expert consensus method, iterative expert panel	panel survey, repeated-measures survey, longitudinal panel study, wave survey
Verwandt	6	6	3
Zusammenfassung	A remote survey is a structured data collection method in which respondents complete a questionnaire without the researcher being physically present. Delivered via mail, telephone, email, web platforms, or mobile apps, it enables researchers to reach geographically dispersed samples at relatively low cost. The method is central to social-science, public-health, and organisational research and is codified in Dillman's widely used Tailored Design Method.	The Delphi technique is a structured, multi-round data collection method that harvests and refines expert opinion through iterative questionnaires and controlled feedback. Developed at RAND Corporation in the 1950s, it is designed to converge a dispersed expert panel toward a reliable consensus on complex, uncertain, or future-oriented questions — without the conformity pressures of face-to-face group discussion.	A longitudinal survey collects structured questionnaire data from the same individuals or units at two or more distinct points in time. By tracking the same respondents across waves, researchers can distinguish genuine change from stable individual differences, establish temporal ordering between variables, and model trajectories of attitudes, behaviors, or outcomes in ways that a single cross-sectional snapshot cannot support.