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| Mental Toughness Questionnaire (MTQ48)× | Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Fachgebiet | Sportpsychologie | Sportpsychologie |
| Familie | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Entstehungsjahr≠ | 2002 | 1992 |
| Urheber≠ | Peter Clough, Keith Earle, David Sewell | Joan Duda, John Nicholls |
| Typ≠ | Self-report mental toughness and resilience questionnaire | Self-report achievement goal orientation questionnaire |
| Wegweisende Quelle≠ | Clough, P. J., Earle, K., & Sewell, D. (2002). Mental toughness: A definition and measured construct. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 14(3), 169–187. link ↗ | Duda, J. L., & Nicholls, J. G. (1992). Dimensions of achievement motivation in schoolwork and sport. Journal of Educational Psychology, 84(3), 290–299. DOI ↗ |
| Aliasnamen≠ | MTQ48, Mental Toughness, 4Cs | TEOSQ, Task Ego Orientation |
| Verwandt | 4 | 4 |
| Zusammenfassung≠ | The MTQ48 is a 48-item instrument measuring mental toughness—the capacity to perform well under pressure, persist through adversity, maintain emotional control, and sustain commitment toward goals. Developed by Clough, Earle, and Sewell in 2002, the MTQ48 operationalizes mental toughness across four dimensions (the '4Cs': Control, Commitment, Challenge, and Confidence) and has become widely adopted in sport psychology, talent development, and organizational psychology for identifying and developing psychological resilience. | The TEOSQ is a 13-item questionnaire measuring achievement goal orientation in sport: the underlying reasons athletes define success and pursue achievement. Developed by Duda and Nicholls in 1992, the TEOSQ has become a cornerstone instrument for understanding athlete motivation, resilience, and response to failure. |
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