Methoden vergleichen

	Längsschnittliche Fallstudie	Aktionsforschung	Ethnographie
Fachgebiet	Qualitativ	Qualitative Forschung	Qualitativ
Familie	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Entstehungsjahr	1984–1990 (foundational methodological codification)	1946	c. 1922 (Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific)
Urheber	Robert K. Yin (case study methodology); Andrew M. Pettigrew (longitudinal field research)	Kurt Lewin; expanded by Kemmis, McTaggart, Reason & Bradbury	Bronisław Malinowski (modern ethnography); rooted in 19th-century anthropology
Typ	Qualitative research design	Method	Qualitative fieldwork tradition
Wegweisende Quelle	Yin, R. K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506336169	Lewin, K. (1946). Action research and minority problems. Journal of Social Issues, 2(4), 34–46.	Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in Practice (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1138504462
Aliasnamen	longitudinal case research, panel case study, repeated case study, temporal case study	Participatory Action Research, PAR, Collaborative Inquiry	Etnografi, participant observation, fieldwork, ethnographic research
Verwandt	6	1	5
Zusammenfassung	A longitudinal case study is a qualitative research design that combines the in-depth, contextually rich focus of case study methodology with repeated data collection across multiple time points. Rather than capturing a single snapshot, it follows one or a small number of cases — an individual, group, organisation, or programme — over months or years to trace how processes, relationships, and meanings evolve. This design is well suited to questions about how and why things change, not merely what the state of affairs is at one moment.	Action research is a collaborative research methodology in which researchers work with practitioners and community members to investigate a problem, implement change, and evaluate outcomes, cycling through reflection, action, and learning. Developed by Kurt Lewin (1946), action research bridges research and practice, aiming simultaneously to produce knowledge and practical improvement.	Ethnography is a qualitative research tradition in which a researcher immerses themselves in a social group or community over an extended period — typically three to six months or longer — to study its culture, values, and behaviours in their natural setting. Originating in social and cultural anthropology, and consolidated as a rigorous method by Bronisław Malinowski in the early twentieth century, ethnography produces rich, contextualised accounts of how people live, work, and make meaning together.