Methoden vergleichen

	Delphi-Technik	Längsschnittstudie	Mobile Survey
Fachgebiet	Umfragemethodik	Umfragemethodik	Umfragemethodik
Familie	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Entstehungsjahr	1950s–1963	1940s (panel survey tradition); longitudinal designs codified mid-20th century	Late 2000s–2010s (accelerated with smartphone adoption, ~2007–2015)
Urheber	Norman Dalkey and Olaf Helmer (RAND Corporation)	Established tradition; formalized in social science by Paul Lazarsfeld and colleagues (1940s panel studies)	Emerged from web survey methodology researchers (Couper, Buskirk, Toepoel, and others)
Typ	Iterative expert consensus technique	Quantitative / mixed-methods survey design	Quantitative / mixed data collection technique
Wegweisende Quelle	Dalkey, N., & Helmer, O. (1963). An experimental application of the Delphi method to the use of experts. Management Science, 9(3), 458–467.	Menard, S. (2002). Longitudinal Research (2nd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-0761922292	Toepoel, V., & Lugtig, P. (2014). What happens if you offer a mobile option to your web panel? Evidence from a probability-based panel of internet users. Social Science Computer Review, 32(4), 544–560.
Aliasnamen	Delphi method, Delphi survey, expert consensus method, iterative expert panel	panel survey, repeated-measures survey, longitudinal panel study, wave survey	smartphone survey, mobile web survey, mobile questionnaire, m-survey
Verwandt	6	3	6
Zusammenfassung	The Delphi technique is a structured, multi-round data collection method that harvests and refines expert opinion through iterative questionnaires and controlled feedback. Developed at RAND Corporation in the 1950s, it is designed to converge a dispersed expert panel toward a reliable consensus on complex, uncertain, or future-oriented questions — without the conformity pressures of face-to-face group discussion.	A longitudinal survey collects structured questionnaire data from the same individuals or units at two or more distinct points in time. By tracking the same respondents across waves, researchers can distinguish genuine change from stable individual differences, establish temporal ordering between variables, and model trajectories of attitudes, behaviors, or outcomes in ways that a single cross-sectional snapshot cannot support.	A mobile survey is a self-report questionnaire designed and administered through smartphones or tablets, either via a mobile-optimized web browser or a dedicated app. As mobile devices became the dominant mode of internet access globally, surveys must be built for small screens, touch interaction, and variable connectivity. Mobile surveys are used across social science, public health, market research, and organizational studies when reaching respondents in their natural, everyday context is a priority.