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| Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21)× | Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A)× | Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)× | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fachgebiet | Klinische Psychologie | Klinische Psychologie | Klinische Psychologie |
| Familie | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Entstehungsjahr≠ | 1995 | 1959 | 1983 |
| Urheber≠ | Stephen H. Lovibond and Peter F. Lovibond | Max Hamilton | Andrew S. Zigmond and Richard P. Snaith |
| Typ≠ | Three-dimensional mental health screening | Clinician-administered anxiety assessment | Anxiety and depression screening in medical populations |
| Wegweisende Quelle≠ | Lovibond, S. H., & Lovibond, P. F. (1995). Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. Psychology Foundation of Australia. link ↗ | Hamilton, M. (1959). The assessment of anxiety states by rating. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 32(1), 50-55. DOI ↗ | Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67(6), 361-370. DOI ↗ |
| Aliasnamen≠ | DASS-21, DASS, DASS-42 | HAM-A, HARS | HADS, HADS-A, HADS-D |
| Verwandt≠ | 5 | 5 | 4 |
| Zusammenfassung≠ | The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) is a 21-item self-report instrument measuring three correlated but distinct dimensions of psychological distress: depression, anxiety, and stress. Developed by Lovibond and Lovibond in 1995, the DASS-21 is a short form of the original 42-item DASS. It has become widely used in research and clinical settings for its brevity, multidimensional structure, and strong psychometric properties. | The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) is a clinician-administered assessment tool for quantifying the severity of anxiety symptoms in adults. Developed by Max Hamilton in 1959, it remains one of the most widely used instruments for evaluating anxiety in clinical and research settings. The scale measures both psychological and somatic manifestations of anxiety across 14 items. | The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a 14-item self-report instrument measuring anxiety and depression symptoms in medically ill populations. Developed by Zigmond and Snaith in 1983, the HADS was specifically designed for hospital and general medical settings where somatic symptoms of medical illness may confound assessment. It remains the standard anxiety-depression measure in medical, oncology, and cardiac populations worldwide. |
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