Methoden vergleichen

	Querschnittliche Umfrageforschung	Relational Survey
Fachgebiet	Forschungsdesign	Forschungsdesign
Familie	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Entstehungsjahr	1930s–1950s (formalized with large-scale opinion and health surveys)	Mid-20th century onward (systematised ~1960s–1990s)
Urheber	Established through the social survey tradition (Bowley, Gallup, and others in the early-to-mid 20th century)	Established in educational and social science research methodology; systematised by Fraenkel & Wallen and others
Typ	Quantitative non-experimental design	Quantitative non-experimental survey design
Wegweisende Quelle	Fowler, F. J. (2009). Survey Research Methods (4th ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-1412958929	Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2009). How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education (8th ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN: 978-0073525748
Aliasnamen	cross-sectional survey, single-occasion survey, prevalence survey design, snapshot survey	correlational survey, associational survey, relationship survey design, relational descriptive survey
Verwandt	4	4
Zusammenfassung	Cross-sectional survey research administers a structured questionnaire or interview to a representative sample of a population at one point in time. It is the workhorse design for estimating prevalence, describing group characteristics, and mapping associations among variables across a wide range of disciplines — from public health and education to marketing and political science.	Relational survey research is a quantitative, non-experimental design that gathers structured self-report data from a sample and examines the statistical associations among two or more variables. Unlike purely descriptive surveys, which only characterise distributions, relational surveys ask whether and how strongly variables co-vary — providing evidence of relationships without manipulating conditions or establishing causation.