Methoden vergleichen

	COSY	FT-ICR-Massenspektrometrie	HSQC
Fachgebiet	Spektroskopie	Spektroskopie	Spektroskopie
Familie	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Entstehungsjahr	1976	1974	1980
Urheber	Wüthrich Kurt	Alan Marshall	Anil Kumar
Typ	Two-dimensional pulse sequence	Mass spectrometry technique	Heteronuclear correlation sequence
Wegweisende Quelle	Aue, W. P., Bartholdi, E., & Ernst, R. R. (1976). Two-dimensional spectroscopy. Application to nuclear magnetic resonance. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 64(5), 2229-2246.	Comisarow, M. B., & Marshall, A. G. (1974). Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance spectroscopy. Chemical Physics Letters, 25(2), 282-283.	Bodenhausen, G., & Ruben, D. J. (1981). Natural abundance nitrogen-15 NMR by enhanced heteronuclear spectroscopy. Chemical Physics Letters, 69(2), 185-189.
Aliasnamen	COSY NMR, 2D COSY, 1H-1H COSY	FT-ICR-MS, Fourier Transform ICR, ICR mass spectrometry	HSQC NMR, 1H-13C HSQC, heteronuclear correlation
Verwandt	4	4	4
Zusammenfassung	Correlation Spectroscopy (COSY) is a two-dimensional NMR technique that correlates proton chemical shifts through scalar coupling (J-coupling), revealing which protons are magnetically coupled and hence bonded through multiple bonds. Developed by Aue, Bartholdi, and Ernst in 1976, COSY became one of the most important tools in structural elucidation, enabling chemists to map out proton connectivity patterns and deduce molecular topology without isotopic labeling.	Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry is an advanced analytical technique that combines magnetic confinement of ions with Fourier transform data processing to achieve exceptional mass accuracy and resolution. Developed by Comisarow and Marshall in 1974, FT-ICR-MS enables the determination of exact masses and elemental compositions of complex molecules, making it invaluable for environmental chemistry, metabolomics, petroleum characterization, and structural elucidation of unknowns.	Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Coherence (HSQC) is a 2D NMR technique that correlates proton and carbon-13 (or other heteronuclei) chemical shifts through one-bond coupling constants (1JHX). Developed in the early 1980s, HSQC rapidly became the workhorse of structural chemistry because it directly maps which carbons bear which protons, providing a comprehensive view of carbon skeleton connectivity and substitution patterns.