Methoden vergleichen

	Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)	General Health Questionnaire	Kessler Psychological Distress Scale-10 (K10)
Fachgebiet	Klinische Psychologie	Klinische Psychologie	Klinische Psychologie
Familie	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Entstehungsjahr	1977	1992	2002
Urheber	Lenore Sawyer Radloff	David P. Goldberg	Ronald C. Kessler and colleagues
Typ	Community-based depression assessment	Psychiatric symptom screening	Non-specific psychological distress screening
Wegweisende Quelle	Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385-401.	Goldberg, D. P. (1972). The detection of psychiatric illness by questionnaire. Oxford University Press.	Kessler, R. C., Andrews, G., Colpe, L. Y., Hiripi, E., Mroczek, D. K., Normand, S. L., ... & Zaslavsky, A. M. (2002). Short screening scales to monitor population prevalences and trends in non-specific psychological distress. Psychological Medicine, 32(6), 959-976.
Aliasnamen	CES-D, CESD	GHQ-12, GHQ	K10, K6, Kessler Scale
Verwandt	5	5	5
Zusammenfassung	The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is a 20-item self-report instrument for measuring depressive symptoms in the general population. Developed by Lenore Radloff in 1977, the CES-D was designed for epidemiological research to rapidly identify depression in community samples. It remains a widely used measure in public health, aging research, and longitudinal cohort studies worldwide.	The General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) is a brief, 12-item self-report screening instrument for psychological distress and mental health problems in the general population. Developed by David P. Goldberg, the GHQ-12 is the most widely used short form of the longer General Health Questionnaire series. It is designed for rapid detection of minor psychiatric morbidity and assessment of psychological well-being in clinical, occupational health, and community settings.	The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale-10 (K10) is a 10-item self-report measure of non-specific psychological distress and mental health problems. Developed by Kessler and colleagues in 2002, the K10 was designed as an ultra-brief screening instrument for population surveys and epidemiological research. A shorter 6-item version (K6) is also widely used for rapid case identification.