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| Authentic Leadership Questionnaire× | Ethical Leadership Scale× | |
|---|---|---|
| Fachgebiet | Organisationsverhalten | Organisationsverhalten |
| Familie≠ | Latent structure | Process / pipeline |
| Entstehungsjahr≠ | 2008 | 2005 |
| Urheber≠ | Fred Walumbwa, Bruce Avolio, William Gardner, Tara Wernsing & Suzanne Peterson; William Gardner et al. | Brown, Treviño, and Harrison |
| Typ≠ | Leadership style measurement scale | Self-report scale |
| Wegweisende Quelle≠ | Walumbwa, F. O., Avolio, B. J., Gardner, W. L., Wernsing, T. S., & Peterson, S. J. (2008). Authentic leadership: Development and validation of a theory-based measure. Journal of Management, 34(1), 89-126. DOI ↗ | Brown, M. E., Treviño, L. K., & Harrison, D. A. (2005). Ethical leadership: A social learning perspective for construct development and testing. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 97(2), 117-134. DOI ↗ |
| Aliasnamen≠ | ALQ, Authentic Leadership Measure, Walumbwa Authentic Leadership Questionnaire, Authentic Leadership Inventory | Brown ELS |
| Verwandt≠ | 3 | 4 |
| Zusammenfassung≠ | The Authentic Leadership Questionnaire (ALQ) is the dominant instrument for measuring authentic leadership, a positive leadership construct developed in the mid-2000s by Bruce Avolio, William Gardner, Fred Luthans, and colleagues. Authentic leaders are defined as those who are deeply aware of their own values, transparent in their relationships, balanced in processing information, and guided by an internalized moral compass. Gardner and colleagues' 2005 self-based model in The Leadership Quarterly laid out how leader authenticity develops and shapes followers, and Walumbwa and colleagues' 2008 Journal of Management paper operationalized the construct as a four-dimension higher-order factor and validated the ALQ across samples in the United States and China. The questionnaire measures self-awareness, relational transparency, balanced processing, and internalized moral perspective, and links them to follower trust, citizenship behavior, satisfaction, and performance. It anchored the rapid rise of authentic-leadership research within the positive-organizational-behavior movement. | The Ethical Leadership Scale (ELS) is a 10-item instrument measuring the degree to which leaders model ethical behavior and hold followers accountable to ethical standards. Developed by Brown, Treviño, and Harrison in 2005, the ELS operationalizes ethical leadership, assessing leader conduct and norm-setting that shape organizational ethics. |
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