Circular Dichroism
Circular Dichroism (CD) spectroscopy measures the differential absorption of left- and right-circularly polarized light by optically active molecules, particularly proteins and nucleic acids. Introduced by Greenfield and Fasman in 1969, CD is a rapid, non-destructive technique for characterizing secondary structure (alpha-helix, beta-sheet), monitoring protein folding transitions, and assessing conformational changes in response to pH, temperature, or ligand binding.
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- Greenfield, N. J., & Fasman, G. D. (1969). Computed circular dichroism spectra for protein secondary structures. Biochemistry, 8(10), 4108-4116. · DOI 10.1021/bi00838a031
- Yang, J. T., Wu, C. S., & Martinez, H. M. (1986). Calculation of protein conformation from circular dichroism. Methods in Enzymology, 130, 208-269. · DOI 10.1016/0076-6879(86)30013-2
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