BES
The BES is a 16-item self-report questionnaire designed specifically to measure the behavioural and emotional features of binge eating in obese and non-obese populations. Developed by Gormally and colleagues in 1982, the BES uses a forced-choice format and focuses on the subjective experience of loss of control, severity of binge episodes, and affective triggers. It is widely used in obesity treatment research and clinical screening for binge eating patterns.
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- Gormally, J., Black, S., Daston, S., & Rardin, D. (1982). The assessment of binge eating severity among obese persons. Addictive Behaviors, 7(1), 47–55. · DOI 10.1016/0306-4603(82)90024-7
- Timmerman, G. M. (1990). Binge eating scale: Further assessment of validity and reliability. Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research, 1(1), 1–12. · URL
- Celio, A. A., Wilfley, D. E., Crow, S. J., Mitchell, J., & Walsh, B. T. (2004). A comparison of the binge eating scale, questionnaire for eating and weight patterns-revised, and eating disorder examination-questionnaire with instructions (EDE-QI) in the assessment of binge eating. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 36(4), 434–444. · DOI 10.1002/eat.20057
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