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| Quadruple Helix Analysis× | Technological Innovation Systems× | |
|---|---|---|
| Fagområde | Science Technology Studies | Science Technology Studies |
| Familie | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Oprindelsesår≠ | 2009 | 2008 |
| Ophavsperson≠ | Elias Carayannis & David Campbell (Quadruple Helix); Loet Leydesdorff (N-tuple formalisation) | Anna Bergek, Staffan Jacobsson, Bo Carlsson and colleagues |
| Type≠ | Innovation-ecosystem framework | Systems-of-innovation framework and scheme of analysis |
| Oprindelig kilde≠ | Carayannis, E. G., & Campbell, D. F. J. (2009). 'Mode 3' and 'Quadruple Helix': toward a 21st century fractal innovation ecosystem. International Journal of Technology Management, 46(3-4), 201-234. DOI ↗ | Bergek, A., Jacobsson, S., Carlsson, B., Lindmark, S., & Rickne, A. (2008). Analyzing the functional dynamics of technological innovation systems: a scheme of analysis. Research Policy, 37(3), 407-429. DOI ↗ |
| Aliasser | Quadruple Helix model, Mode 3 innovation analysis, N-tuple helix analysis | TIS analysis, Technological innovation system approach, Functional dynamics scheme |
| Relaterede | 4 | 4 |
| Resumé≠ | Quadruple Helix analysis extends the Triple Helix of university-industry-government relations by adding a fourth helix—the media-based and culture-based public, civil society, and users—as a constitutive actor in innovation. It frames innovation as a 'Mode 3' fractal ecosystem in which knowledge is co-produced across multiple spheres, and it situates this within a broader N-tuple generalisation that can add further helices such as the natural environment in the Quintuple Helix. | Technological Innovation Systems (TIS) analysis studies the emergence, growth, and performance of a specific technology by treating it as a system of actors, networks, and institutions that interact to generate, diffuse, and use that technology. Building on the systems-of-innovation tradition, the influential scheme of Bergek and colleagues combines a structural account of the system's components with a functional analysis of the key processes—or functions—that an innovation system must perform, then compares achieved with desired functionality to diagnose inducement and blocking mechanisms and derive policy. |
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