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| Matchet randomiseret klinisk forsøg× | Matched Case-Kontrol Studie× | |
|---|---|---|
| Fagområde | Epidemiologi | Epidemiologi |
| Familie | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Oprindelsesår≠ | Mid-20th century concept; methodological formalization circa 2000–2010 | 1950s–1970s |
| Ophavsperson≠ | Developed formally in biostatistics literature; Greevy, Imai and colleagues advanced modern frameworks in the 2000s | Brian MacMahon and others; systematised by Schlesselman (1982) |
| Type≠ | Experimental clinical study design | Observational analytic design |
| Oprindelig kilde≠ | Imai, K., King, G., & Nall, C. (2009). The essential role of pair matching in cluster-randomized experiments, with application to the Mexican universal health insurance evaluation. Statistical Science, 24(1), 29–53. DOI ↗ | Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755474 |
| Aliasser | matched RCT, matched-pair randomized trial, matched randomized controlled trial, covariate-matched RCT | matched case-referent study, individually matched case-control, pair-matched case-control, matched case-control design |
| Relaterede≠ | 6 | 5 |
| Resumé≠ | A matched randomized clinical trial pairs participants (or clusters) on key baseline characteristics before randomization, then allocates one member of each pair to treatment and the other to control. This design combines the causal validity of randomization with the covariate balance of matching, increasing statistical efficiency and reducing confounding from known prognostic variables without sacrificing the internal validity of a controlled experiment. | A matched case-control study is an observational epidemiological design in which each case (a person with the disease or outcome of interest) is paired with one or more controls (persons without the outcome) who share one or more characteristics — such as age, sex, or clinical setting — to control confounding. Exposure history is then compared between cases and their matched controls to estimate the odds ratio of the exposure-disease association. |
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