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| General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12)× | Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)× | Kessler Psychological Distress Scale-10 (K10)× | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fagområde | Klinisk psykologi | Klinisk psykologi | Klinisk psykologi |
| Familie | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Oprindelsesår≠ | 1992 | 1983 | 2002 |
| Ophavsperson≠ | David P. Goldberg | Andrew S. Zigmond and Richard P. Snaith | Ronald C. Kessler and colleagues |
| Type≠ | Psychiatric symptom screening | Anxiety and depression screening in medical populations | Non-specific psychological distress screening |
| Oprindelig kilde≠ | Goldberg, D. P. (1972). The detection of psychiatric illness by questionnaire. Oxford University Press. link ↗ | Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67(6), 361-370. DOI ↗ | Kessler, R. C., Andrews, G., Colpe, L. Y., Hiripi, E., Mroczek, D. K., Normand, S. L., ... & Zaslavsky, A. M. (2002). Short screening scales to monitor population prevalences and trends in non-specific psychological distress. Psychological Medicine, 32(6), 959-976. DOI ↗ |
| Aliasser≠ | GHQ-12, GHQ | HADS, HADS-A, HADS-D | K10, K6, Kessler Scale |
| Relaterede≠ | 5 | 4 | 5 |
| Resumé≠ | The General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) is a brief, 12-item self-report screening instrument for psychological distress and mental health problems in the general population. Developed by David P. Goldberg, the GHQ-12 is the most widely used short form of the longer General Health Questionnaire series. It is designed for rapid detection of minor psychiatric morbidity and assessment of psychological well-being in clinical, occupational health, and community settings. | The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a 14-item self-report instrument measuring anxiety and depression symptoms in medically ill populations. Developed by Zigmond and Snaith in 1983, the HADS was specifically designed for hospital and general medical settings where somatic symptoms of medical illness may confound assessment. It remains the standard anxiety-depression measure in medical, oncology, and cardiac populations worldwide. | The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale-10 (K10) is a 10-item self-report measure of non-specific psychological distress and mental health problems. Developed by Kessler and colleagues in 2002, the K10 was designed as an ultra-brief screening instrument for population surveys and epidemiological research. A shorter 6-item version (K6) is also widely used for rapid case identification. |
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