Sammenlign metoder

	General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12)	Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)	Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21)	Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)	Kessler Psychological Distress Scale-10 (K10)
Fagområde	Klinisk psykologi	Klinisk psykologi	Klinisk psykologi	Klinisk psykologi	Klinisk psykologi
Familie	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Oprindelsesår	1992	1977	1995	1983	2002
Ophavsperson	David P. Goldberg	Lenore Sawyer Radloff	Stephen H. Lovibond and Peter F. Lovibond	Andrew S. Zigmond and Richard P. Snaith	Ronald C. Kessler and colleagues
Type	Psychiatric symptom screening	Community-based depression assessment	Three-dimensional mental health screening	Anxiety and depression screening in medical populations	Non-specific psychological distress screening
Oprindelig kilde	Goldberg, D. P. (1972). The detection of psychiatric illness by questionnaire. Oxford University Press.	Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385-401.	Lovibond, S. H., & Lovibond, P. F. (1995). Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. Psychology Foundation of Australia.	Zigmond, A. S., & Snaith, R. P. (1983). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 67(6), 361-370.	Kessler, R. C., Andrews, G., Colpe, L. Y., Hiripi, E., Mroczek, D. K., Normand, S. L., ... & Zaslavsky, A. M. (2002). Short screening scales to monitor population prevalences and trends in non-specific psychological distress. Psychological Medicine, 32(6), 959-976.
Aliasser	GHQ-12, GHQ	CES-D, CESD	DASS-21, DASS, DASS-42	HADS, HADS-A, HADS-D	K10, K6, Kessler Scale
Relaterede	5	5	5	4	5
Resumé	The General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) is a brief, 12-item self-report screening instrument for psychological distress and mental health problems in the general population. Developed by David P. Goldberg, the GHQ-12 is the most widely used short form of the longer General Health Questionnaire series. It is designed for rapid detection of minor psychiatric morbidity and assessment of psychological well-being in clinical, occupational health, and community settings.	The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is a 20-item self-report instrument for measuring depressive symptoms in the general population. Developed by Lenore Radloff in 1977, the CES-D was designed for epidemiological research to rapidly identify depression in community samples. It remains a widely used measure in public health, aging research, and longitudinal cohort studies worldwide.	The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) is a 21-item self-report instrument measuring three correlated but distinct dimensions of psychological distress: depression, anxiety, and stress. Developed by Lovibond and Lovibond in 1995, the DASS-21 is a short form of the original 42-item DASS. It has become widely used in research and clinical settings for its brevity, multidimensional structure, and strong psychometric properties.	The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a 14-item self-report instrument measuring anxiety and depression symptoms in medically ill populations. Developed by Zigmond and Snaith in 1983, the HADS was specifically designed for hospital and general medical settings where somatic symptoms of medical illness may confound assessment. It remains the standard anxiety-depression measure in medical, oncology, and cardiac populations worldwide.	The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale-10 (K10) is a 10-item self-report measure of non-specific psychological distress and mental health problems. Developed by Kessler and colleagues in 2002, the K10 was designed as an ultra-brief screening instrument for population surveys and epidemiological research. A shorter 6-item version (K6) is also widely used for rapid case identification.