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| General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12)× | Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)× | Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21)× | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fagområde | Klinisk psykologi | Klinisk psykologi | Klinisk psykologi |
| Familie | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Oprindelsesår≠ | 1992 | 1977 | 1995 |
| Ophavsperson≠ | David P. Goldberg | Lenore Sawyer Radloff | Stephen H. Lovibond and Peter F. Lovibond |
| Type≠ | Psychiatric symptom screening | Community-based depression assessment | Three-dimensional mental health screening |
| Oprindelig kilde≠ | Goldberg, D. P. (1972). The detection of psychiatric illness by questionnaire. Oxford University Press. link ↗ | Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385-401. DOI ↗ | Lovibond, S. H., & Lovibond, P. F. (1995). Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. Psychology Foundation of Australia. link ↗ |
| Aliasser≠ | GHQ-12, GHQ | CES-D, CESD | DASS-21, DASS, DASS-42 |
| Relaterede | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Resumé≠ | The General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) is a brief, 12-item self-report screening instrument for psychological distress and mental health problems in the general population. Developed by David P. Goldberg, the GHQ-12 is the most widely used short form of the longer General Health Questionnaire series. It is designed for rapid detection of minor psychiatric morbidity and assessment of psychological well-being in clinical, occupational health, and community settings. | The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is a 20-item self-report instrument for measuring depressive symptoms in the general population. Developed by Lenore Radloff in 1977, the CES-D was designed for epidemiological research to rapidly identify depression in community samples. It remains a widely used measure in public health, aging research, and longitudinal cohort studies worldwide. | The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) is a 21-item self-report instrument measuring three correlated but distinct dimensions of psychological distress: depression, anxiety, and stress. Developed by Lovibond and Lovibond in 1995, the DASS-21 is a short form of the original 42-item DASS. It has become widely used in research and clinical settings for its brevity, multidimensional structure, and strong psychometric properties. |
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