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| Ex-Ante Policy Appraisal× | Cost-Effectiveness Analysis for Policy× | |
|---|---|---|
| Fagområde | Public Policy | Public Policy |
| Familie | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Oprindelsesår≠ | 2022 | 2015 |
| Ophavsperson≠ | Public-finance appraisal tradition; codified by HM Treasury (Green Book) | Health-economics and program-evaluation tradition (Drummond et al.; Gold et al.) |
| Type≠ | Structured ex-ante appraisal of policy options | Economic evaluation comparing cost per unit of effect |
| Oprindelig kilde≠ | HM Treasury (2022). The Green Book: Central Government Guidance on Appraisal and Evaluation. London: HM Treasury. link ↗ | Drummond, M. F., Sculpher, M. J., Claxton, K., Stoddart, G. L., & Torrance, G. W. (2015). Methods for the Economic Evaluation of Health Care Programmes (4th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN: 9780199665877 |
| Aliasser | Policy Appraisal, Options Appraisal, Green Book Appraisal | Policy Cost-Effectiveness Analysis, CEA for Policy, Cost-Utility Analysis in Policy |
| Relaterede | 4 | 4 |
| Resumé≠ | Ex-ante policy appraisal is the structured assessment of the costs, benefits, risks and trade-offs of alternative options for achieving a policy objective, carried out before a decision is taken. Codified in guidance such as the UK Treasury's Green Book, it provides a disciplined framework for deciding whether to intervene and, if so, how — by establishing the rationale and objectives, generating and narrowing a range of options, appraising each against a counterfactual, and recommending the option that offers best value for public money. Appraisal is the forward-looking complement to ex-post evaluation, which judges interventions after they have run. | Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) is an economic evaluation that compares competing policies or programs by their cost relative to a single, common measure of effect — lives saved, cases averted, years of education gained, or quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Rather than valuing outcomes in money, CEA expresses results as an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER): the extra cost of one option per extra unit of outcome it delivers compared with the next-best alternative. Codified in standard references such as Drummond and colleagues' Methods for the Economic Evaluation of Health Care Programmes and the US Panel's Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine, CEA is the dominant appraisal tool for health and increasingly for other public programs with a shared outcome metric. |
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