Porovnat metody
Prohlédněte si vybrané metody vedle sebe; řádky, které se liší, jsou zvýrazněny.
| Social Cost-Benefit Analysis× | Contingent Valuation Method× | |
|---|---|---|
| Obor | Ekonomie | Ekonomie |
| Rodina | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Rok vzniku≠ | 1974 | 1963 |
| Tvůrce≠ | Ian Little & James Mirrlees; Partha Dasgupta, Amartya Sen & Stephen Marglin (UNIDO) | Robert K. Davis (early use); methodology codified by the NOAA panel |
| Typ≠ | Welfare-based project appraisal using shadow prices | Survey-based stated-preference valuation method |
| Původní zdroj≠ | Little, I. M. D., & Mirrlees, J. A. (1974). Project Appraisal and Planning for Developing Countries. Heinemann Educational / Basic Books. ISBN: 9780435845001 | Hanemann, W. M. (1994). Valuing the environment through contingent valuation. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 8(4), 19–43. DOI ↗ |
| Další názvy | SCBA, Economic Appraisal, Shadow-Price Cost-Benefit Analysis, Social Appraisal of Investment Projects | CVM, Stated-Preference Valuation, Willingness-to-Pay Survey, Survey-Based Non-Market Valuation |
| Příbuzné≠ | 3 | 2 |
| Shrnutí≠ | Social cost-benefit analysis (SCBA) appraises public investment projects from the standpoint of society as a whole rather than a private investor. It values inputs and outputs at shadow prices that reflect their true opportunity cost to the economy — correcting market prices for taxes, subsidies, trade distortions, and unemployment — applies distributional weights to gains accruing to different income groups, and discounts the resulting stream of social net benefits at a social discount rate to obtain a net present social value. The modern framework was systematized by Little and Mirrlees and, in parallel, in the UNIDO guidelines of Dasgupta, Sen, and Marglin. | The contingent valuation method (CVM) is a survey-based stated-preference technique for estimating the economic value people place on goods that are not traded in markets — clean air, an endangered species, a wilderness area, the existence of a natural resource. Respondents are presented with a carefully constructed hypothetical scenario and asked how much they would be willing to pay for a described change in provision; their answers are used to estimate mean or median willingness to pay, including non-use (existence) values that no market reveals. |
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