Porovnat metody

	Semiotická analýza	Obsahová analýza	Analýza diskurzu	Etnografie
Obor	Kvalitativní metody	Kvalitativní metody	Kvalitativní výzkum	Kvalitativní metody
Rodina	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Rok vzniku	Late 19th–early 20th century (Saussure ~1906–1911; Peirce ~1867–1914); systematic application in social research from the 1960s	Systematised through Krippendorff's methodology work; 4th edition 2018	1989 (Fairclough); 1987 (Potter & Wetherell)	c. 1922 (Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific)
Tvůrce	Ferdinand de Saussure (structural semiology); Charles Sanders Peirce (semiotic triads); Roland Barthes (applied cultural semiotics)	Klaus Krippendorff (systematic formulation); roots in early 20th-century communications research	Norman Fairclough; Jonathan Potter and Margaret Wetherell	Bronisław Malinowski (modern ethnography); rooted in 19th-century anthropology
Typ	Qualitative research method	Qualitative / mixed-method research technique	Method	Qualitative fieldwork tradition
Původní zdroj	Barthes, R. (1967). Elements of Semiology (trans. A. Lavers & C. Smith). Hill and Wang.	Krippendorff, K. (2018). Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology (4th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506395661	Fairclough, N. (1989). Language and power. Longman.	Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in Practice (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1138504462
Další názvy	semiotics, sign analysis, structural semiotics, semiological analysis	İçerik Analizi, systematic content coding, quantitative content analysis	DA, Critical Discourse Analysis, Discursive Analysis	Etnografi, participant observation, fieldwork, ethnographic research
Příbuzné	6	5	2	5
Shrnutí	Semiotic analysis is a qualitative method for interpreting how signs — words, images, sounds, gestures, and objects — produce and communicate meaning within a cultural context. Drawing on the structural linguistics of Ferdinand de Saussure and the triadic sign theory of Charles Sanders Peirce, and popularised as a research tool by Roland Barthes, semiotics moves beyond surface denotation to expose the connotative and ideological meanings embedded in texts and visual culture.	Content analysis is a systematic research technique for reducing text, visual, or media material into coded categories so that patterns can be counted, compared, and interpreted. Formalised by Klaus Krippendorff in his widely cited methodology textbook (latest edition 2018), the method sits at the boundary of qualitative and quantitative inquiry: it imposes structured, replicable coding on inherently meaning-laden material.	Discourse analysis is a qualitative research methodology that examines how language, communication, and power shape meaning, identity, and social reality. Developed across linguistics, sociology, and psychology (particularly by Norman Fairclough and Jonathan Potter), discourse analysis goes beyond content to analyze language use as a social practice that constitutes and reflects power relations, ideologies, and social structures.	Ethnography is a qualitative research tradition in which a researcher immerses themselves in a social group or community over an extended period — typically three to six months or longer — to study its culture, values, and behaviours in their natural setting. Originating in social and cultural anthropology, and consolidated as a rigorous method by Bronisław Malinowski in the early twentieth century, ethnography produces rich, contextualised accounts of how people live, work, and make meaning together.