Porovnat metody
Prohlédněte si vybrané metody vedle sebe; řádky, které se liší, jsou zvýrazněny.
| Retrospektivní průřezová epidemiologická studie× | Nesterá případová kontrolní studie× | |
|---|---|---|
| Obor | Epidemiologie | Epidemiologie |
| Rodina | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Rok vzniku≠ | Mid–late 20th century | 1973–1977 |
| Tvůrce≠ | Epidemiology tradition (formalized in mid-20th century; Rothman, Greenland and others) | Nathan Mantel (1973); D. C. Thomas (1977 formalization) |
| Typ≠ | Observational study design | Hybrid observational study design |
| Původní zdroj≠ | Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755641 | Thomas, D. C. (1977). Addendum to: Methods of cohort analysis: Appraisal by application to asbestos mining. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A, 140(4), 469–491. link ↗ |
| Další názvy | retrospective cross-sectional survey, record-based cross-sectional study, retrospective prevalence study, secondary-data cross-sectional study | NCC study, nested CC design, case-control within cohort, density sampling case-control |
| Příbuzné≠ | 5 | 6 |
| Shrnutí≠ | A retrospective cross-sectional epidemiological study measures the prevalence of exposures and outcomes at a single analytical time point using data that were originally recorded in the past — such as medical records, administrative databases, or disease registries. It combines the snapshot logic of a cross-sectional design with the efficiency of retrospective data access, making it a practical choice when prospective data collection is unfeasible or when large existing datasets are available. | A nested case-control study is an efficient observational design embedded within a defined cohort. For each participant who develops the outcome of interest (a case), a small number of matched controls are sampled from those still at risk at the same point in time. This density-sampling strategy yields odds ratios that approximate incidence-rate ratios from the full cohort at a fraction of the data-collection cost — making it the preferred alternative when measuring exposures for all cohort members would be prohibitively expensive or technically demanding. |
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