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	Multimodální LSTM	Mechanismus pozornosti	Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU)	Multimodální Transformer
Obor	Hluboké učení	Hluboké učení	Hluboké učení	Hluboké učení
Rodina	Machine learning	Machine learning	Machine learning	Machine learning
Rok vzniku	2016	2015	2014	2019–2021
Tvůrce	Rajagopalan et al. and various concurrent works (2016–2018)	Bahdanau, D.; Luong, M.T.	Cho, K., van Merrienboer, B., Gulcehre, C., Bahdanau, D., Bougares, F., Schwenk, H., & Bengio, Y.	Lu et al. (ViLBERT); Radford et al. (CLIP)
Typ	Recurrent neural network architecture	Neural attention layer (encoder-decoder)	Recurrent neural network with gating	Cross-modal attention-based deep learning model
Původní zdroj	Rajagopalan, S., Tran, L., Rozgic, V., Narayanan, S., Kumar, A., & Ramakrishna, S. (2016). Extending Long Short-Term Memory for Multi-View Structured Learning. In Proceedings of ECCV 2016. Springer.	Bahdanau, D., Cho, K. & Bengio, Y. (2015). Neural Machine Translation by Jointly Learning to Align and Translate. ICLR.	Cho, K., van Merrienboer, B., Gulcehre, C., Bahdanau, D., Bougares, F., Schwenk, H., & Bengio, Y. (2014). Learning Phrase Representations using RNN Encoder-Decoder for Statistical Machine Translation. In Proceedings of EMNLP 2014, pp. 1724–1734.	Lu, J., Batra, D., Parikh, D., & Lee, S. (2019). ViLBERT: Pretraining Task-Agnostic Visiolinguistic Representations for Vision-and-Language Tasks. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), 32.
Další názvy	MM-LSTM, multimodal recurrent network, multi-input LSTM, multimodal sequence model	Dikkat Mekanizması (Bahdanau / Luong Attention), dikkat mekanizmasi, neural attention, additive attention	GRU, GRU network, gated RNN, GRU cell	multimodal attention model, cross-modal transformer, vision-language transformer, multi-modal fusion transformer
Příbuzné	4	5	3	5
Shrnutí	Multimodal LSTM extends the standard Long Short-Term Memory network to jointly process sequential data from multiple input modalities — such as text, audio, and video — within a unified recurrent architecture. By fusing representations from different sources before or within the LSTM cells, it captures temporal dependencies that span and cross modalities, making it a foundational approach for tasks like sentiment analysis, video captioning, and affective computing.	The attention mechanism, introduced by Bahdanau, Cho and Bengio in 2015 and refined by Luong, Pham and Manning the same year, lets a sequence decoder dynamically learn which of the encoder's outputs to focus on at each step. Before the Transformer, it substantially improved machine-translation quality by freeing models from compressing an entire input into a single fixed vector.	The Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), introduced by Cho et al. in 2014, is a streamlined recurrent neural network that uses two learned gates — an update gate and a reset gate — to selectively retain or discard information across time steps, enabling effective sequence modelling with fewer parameters than LSTM.	A Multimodal Transformer extends the standard Transformer architecture to process and jointly reason over two or more input modalities — most commonly text and images, but also audio, video, or structured data. Cross-modal attention layers allow information from one modality to inform representations in another, enabling tasks such as visual question answering, image captioning, and multimodal sentiment analysis.