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Prohlédněte si vybrané metody vedle sebe; řádky, které se liší, jsou zvýrazněny.
| Motivated Reasoning Experiment× | Need for Closure Scale× | |
|---|---|---|
| Obor | Politická psychologie | Politická psychologie |
| Rodina | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Rok vzniku≠ | 2006 | 1994 |
| Tvůrce≠ | Charles Taber & Milton Lodge | Donna M. Webster & Arie W. Kruglanski |
| Typ≠ | Survey/lab experiment | Self-report individual-difference scale |
| Původní zdroj≠ | Taber, C. S., & Lodge, M. (2006). Motivated skepticism in the evaluation of political beliefs. American Journal of Political Science, 50(3), 755-769. DOI ↗ | Webster, D. M., & Kruglanski, A. W. (1994). Individual differences in need for cognitive closure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(6), 1049-1062. DOI ↗ |
| Další názvy | Directional Motivated Reasoning Study, Biased Assimilation Experiment, Disconfirmation Bias Paradigm | NFCS, Need for Cognitive Closure Scale, Webster-Kruglanski Scale |
| Příbuzné | 4 | 4 |
| Shrnutí≠ | A motivated reasoning experiment tests whether people process political information to reach conclusions they are directionally motivated to hold rather than the most accurate ones. Building on Kunda's (1990) theory and crystallized by Taber and Lodge (2006), these designs expose partisans to attitude-congruent and incongruent arguments and measure biased assimilation, disconfirmation bias, attitude polarization, and selective exposure. | The Need for Cognitive Closure Scale, developed by Webster and Kruglanski (1994), measures a stable individual difference in the desire for a firm, definite answer to a question and an aversion to ambiguity and uncertainty. High need for closure is a key epistemic-motivation construct in political psychology, linked to conservatism, prejudice, intolerance of dissent, and resistance to belief change. |
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