Porovnat metody

	Longformer / BigBird	Grafová pozornostní síť	XGBoost
Obor	Hluboké učení	Hluboké učení	Strojové učení
Rodina	Machine learning	Machine learning	Machine learning
Rok vzniku	2020	2018	2016
Tvůrce	Beltagy, Peters & Cohan (Longformer); Zaheer et al. (BigBird)	Veličković, P. et al.	Chen, T. & Guestrin, C.
Typ	Sparse-attention Transformer for long sequences	Graph neural network (attention-based)	Ensemble (gradient-boosted decision trees)
Původní zdroj	Beltagy, I., Peters, M. E. & Cohan, A. (2020). Longformer: The Long-Document Transformer. arXiv.	Veličković, P. et al. (2018). Graph Attention Networks. ICLR.	Chen, T. & Guestrin, C. (2016). XGBoost: A Scalable Tree Boosting System. Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGKDD, 785–794.
Další názvy	Uzun Dizi Transformer (Longformer / BigBird), uzun dizi transformer, long-document transformer, sparse-attention transformer	Graf Dikkat Ağı (GAT), GAT, graph attention network, attention-based graph neural network	XGBoost, extreme gradient boosting, scalable tree boosting
Příbuzné	4	4	5
Shrnutí	Long-sequence Transformers such as Longformer (Beltagy, Peters & Cohan, 2020) and BigBird (Zaheer et al., 2020) replace the standard Transformer's O(n²) attention with sparse attention patterns that scale linearly, O(n), with sequence length. This lets a single model attend over thousands of tokens — full documents, legal texts, or genomic sequences — that would not fit a conventional Transformer.	The Graph Attention Network (GAT), introduced by Veličković and colleagues in 2018, is a graph neural network variant that learns how much importance to assign to each neighbouring node through a self-attention mechanism. On heterogeneous neighbourhoods and relational classification it produces results superior to graph convolutional networks (GCN).	XGBoost (Extreme Gradient Boosting) is a scalable tree-boosting algorithm introduced by Tianqi Chen and Carlos Guestrin in 2016. It builds a strong predictor by adding decision trees one at a time, each correcting the errors left by the trees before it, and is a powerful prediction method widely used in competitions.