Porovnat metody

	Clock Drawing Test	Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment
Obor	Social Gerontology	Social Gerontology
Rodina	Latent structure	Process / pipeline
Rok vzniku	2000	1993
Tvůrce	Kenneth I. Shulman (synthesis and scoring) and earlier clinical neurologists	Andreas E. Stuck, Laurence Z. Rubenstein and colleagues (meta-analytic synthesis)
Typ	Brief cognitive screening task for older adults	Multidimensional interdisciplinary diagnostic and care-planning process
Původní zdroj	Shulman, K. I. (2000). Clock-drawing: is it the ideal cognitive screening test? International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 15(6), 548-561.	Stuck, A. E., Siu, A. L., Wieland, G. D., Adams, J., & Rubenstein, L. Z. (1993). Comprehensive geriatric assessment: a meta-analysis of controlled trials. The Lancet, 342(8878), 1032-1036.
Další názvy	CDT, Clock-Drawing Test, Clock Test, Clock Completion Task	CGA, Geriatric Assessment, Multidimensional Geriatric Assessment, Interdisciplinary Geriatric Evaluation
Příbuzné	3	3
Shrnutí	The Clock Drawing Test (CDT) is a brief, widely used cognitive screening task in which a patient draws the face of a clock, places the numbers, and sets the hands to a specified time, most commonly ten past eleven. Despite its simplicity, the task draws on a wide network of cognitive abilities including visuospatial construction, executive planning, abstraction, and semantic memory, so that a poorly executed clock can be an efficient signal of cognitive impairment. In a frequently cited 2000 review, Kenneth Shulman asked whether clock drawing might be the ideal cognitive screening test, surveying its many scoring systems and its strengths and weaknesses. The drawing is rated with a scoring rubric that attends to the clock contour, the numbers, the placement and accuracy of the hands, and spatial or executive errors, and a low score flags the need for fuller assessment. Because it takes only a minute or two, requires only paper and pencil, and is relatively insensitive to language and education, the CDT is popular for screening older adults for dementia in clinics, hospitals, and community settings. It is typically used alongside, not instead of, broader instruments such as the Mini-Mental State Examination or the Montreal Cognitive Assessment.	Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) is a multidimensional, interdisciplinary diagnostic process that evaluates an older person's medical, functional, cognitive, psychological, social, and environmental status and translates the findings into a coordinated, monitored plan of care. Rather than treating a single presenting complaint, CGA assumes that vulnerability in late life is multifactorial and that problems in one domain spill over into others. Stuck and colleagues' landmark 1993 meta-analysis of controlled trials showed that CGA is not merely descriptive: when it includes control over the implementation of recommendations and structured follow-up, it reduces mortality, increases the chance of living at home, and improves physical and cognitive function. The same synthesis clarified that assessment alone, without the power to act on findings and to follow patients over time, yields little benefit. CGA thus reframed geriatric care around systematic, team-based evaluation linked to action. It became the organizing model for geriatric medicine units, outpatient geriatric clinics, and home-assessment programs worldwide. The method is best understood as a process, not a single scale, even though it is built from many validated instruments.