পদ্ধতির তুলনা করুন

	ভোটদাতা সংশয় স্কেল	রাজনৈতিক আস্থা পরিমাপক (Political Trust Scale)
ক্ষেত্র	রাজনৈতিক মনোবিজ্ঞান	রাজনৈতিক মনোবিজ্ঞান
পরিবার	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
উদ্ভবের বছর	1960	1974
প্রবর্তক	Angus Campbell et al.	Arthur H. Miller
ধরন	Self-report	Self-report
মৌলিক উৎস	Campbell, A., Converse, P. E., Miller, W. E., & Stokes, D. E. (1960). The American voter. New York: John Wiley & Sons.	Miller, A. H. (1974). Political issues and trust in government: 1964-1970. American Political Science Review, 68(3), 951-972.
অপর নাম	PCS, Political Efficacy Cynicism, Electoral System Cynicism	PTS, Comparative Study of Electoral Systems (CSES) Trust Module
সম্পর্কিত	3	3
সারসংক্ষেপ	The Voter Cynicism Scale measures citizen skepticism and disillusionment regarding the political process, including beliefs that the electoral system is rigged, politicians are self-serving, and voting does not matter. The measure captures a pessimistic orientation toward electoral democracy distinct from distrust in institutions (which can coexist with belief in democratic potential) or political alienation. Rooted in Campbell et al.'s American Voter (1960) tradition of measuring political efficacy and cynicism, the scale remains central to understanding voter turnout decline, support for populist alternatives, and democratic legitimacy crises.	The Political Trust Scale measures citizen confidence in government institutions, elected officials, and the political system's responsiveness and fairness. Pioneered by Miller (1974) and operationalized across comparative electoral studies (CSES Module 5), the scale captures both diffuse trust (in the political system generally) and specific trust (in particular institutions such as parliament or the executive). It is central to understanding democratic legitimacy, political engagement, and support for democratic institutions.