পদ্ধতির তুলনা করুন
নির্বাচিত পদ্ধতিগুলো পাশাপাশি পর্যালোচনা করুন; যে সারিগুলোয় পার্থক্য আছে সেগুলো চিহ্নিত করা হয়।
| ভিজ্যুয়াল এলিসিটেশন ইনস্টিটিউশনাল এথনোগ্রাফি× | অংশগ্রহণমূলক কর্ম গবেষণা (PAR)× | |
|---|---|---|
| ক্ষেত্র | গুণগত | গুণগত |
| পরিবার | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| উদ্ভবের বছর≠ | 2000s–2010s (integration period; IE roots ~1987, photo elicitation ~1967) | 1940s (Lewin); PAR as distinct tradition formalised ~1970s–1980s |
| প্রবর্তক≠ | Dorothy E. Smith (IE); Douglas Harper (photo elicitation); integration developed by feminist and critical ethnographers in the 2000s–2010s | Kurt Lewin (action research foundations, 1940s); systematised for participatory contexts by Orlando Fals Borda, Paulo Freire, and William Foote Whyte |
| ধরন≠ | Qualitative multimodal research design | Qualitative research method |
| মৌলিক উৎস≠ | Smith, D. E. (2005). Institutional Ethnography: A Sociology for People. AltaMira Press. ISBN: 978-0759105010 | Kemmis, S., McTaggart, R., & Nixon, R. (2014). The Action Research Planner: Doing Critical Participatory Action Research. Springer. link ↗ |
| অপর নাম | photo elicitation IE, visual IE, image-based institutional ethnography, visual data institutional ethnography | PAR, community-based participatory research, collaborative action research, participatory inquiry |
| সম্পর্কিত≠ | 5 | 6 |
| সারসংক্ষেপ≠ | Visual elicitation institutional ethnography (IE) integrates photo or image elicitation techniques into Dorothy Smith's institutional ethnography framework. Participants produce or select photographs and other visual materials that represent their everyday experience within an institution; these images then anchor in-depth interviews that surface the ruling relations — texts, policies, and organizational discourses — that coordinate people's work and lives from outside their immediate standpoint. | Participatory Action Research (PAR) is a qualitative, community-centred methodology in which researchers and community members collaborate as co-investigators to identify a shared problem, take deliberate action, observe outcomes, and reflect critically on results — cycling iteratively until meaningful change is achieved. Unlike conventional research that studies people from the outside, PAR treats participants as active agents who co-own the research process, the knowledge produced, and the practical interventions that follow. |
| ScholarGateডেটাসেট ↗ |
|
|